Vibration condition monitoring with Danfoss drives

Integrated vibration analysis

Danfoss drives offer unique integrated condition-based monitoring (CBM) functionality. For installed machines currently with no access to condition monitoring data, these drives provide a convenient way to implement monitoring and begin collecting performance data.

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Along with stator winding monitoring and load envelope, the CBM functionality integrated into the drive includes vibration monitoring. Vibration monitoring is realized with the help of vibration sensors, required for signal collection. The drive supports up to four vibration channels, connected to the analog inputs, 4-20 mA.

Vibration monitoring comprises 2 functions:

General overall vibration level monitors mechanical vibration and is useful for early detection of main malfunctions such as imbalance, misalignment, mechanical looseness.
The second function uses a different type of sensor calculated value, useful for monitoring bearing degradation, poor lubrication, and more.

The two functions are complementary to each other. The sensors provide a calculated output of a general vibration (v-rms) or bearing condition in wider frequency range (g-rms).

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Condition monitoring vibration analysis

In the Danfoss implementation, the vibration is always correlated with motor speed. This is valuable because Danfoss drives offer thresholds adaptable to the state of operation, as opposed to general monitoring using absolute values for the entire speed range. This capability is unique in variable speed operated machines.

The Danfoss vibration monitoring functionality is not a diagnostic system, being able to monitor the change between baseline data and actual values via thresholds. However, the best results in vibration monitoring are always connected with the observation of the change, and a key factor is permanent monitoring of the speed function.

According to the mechanical vibration standard ISO 20816-8:2018, the drive output of the monitoring function must comprise two warnings and one alarm, all selectable. The user receives a notification to acknowledge the status change of the monitored asset and plan maintenance accordingly. This early warning is vital for operators in being able to act fast to prevent unplanned downtime of the application.

In addition to vibration monitoring, the sensors can be useful in determining resonance points from the baseline data, as well as overall machine health, increasing the customer value.

Vibration monitoring is correlated with motor speed.

Vibration sensors from Hansford Sensors portfolio

Danfoss has entered a partnership with the global vibration leader, Hansford Sensors (HS). CBM vibration monitoring has been developed, tested, and validated using HS sensors. Hansford is a specialist in vibration theory, sensor selection and placement, and the partnership is mutually beneficial for both companies. Hansford manufactures high quality products with lifetime warranty.

Sensor installation, placement, and mounting type

Danfoss offers two types of sensors based on body shape:

Flat based: This body type is optimized for installation on prepared flat surface spots on the motor or machine, or to be used with mounting accessories. Mounting accessories are helpful when drilling/threading into the motor or machine is not an option. (Glue stud or magnet). Both accessories have a matching M8 female.
Conical: Easy to install on round surfaces, where we cannot obtain flat spot on the bearing housing. Very useful for smaller motors < 11kW. HS-D20C

Positioning of sensors

There is a difference between optimal placement for v-rms and g-rms sensors.

View 1: Mount the RMS sensors only on stiff metal, aligned with the direction of maximum vibration.

Placement of the v-rms

HS-D20 used for monitoring imbalance, misalignment, and looseness is always on a rigid element of the motor housing. Ideally, position it on the drive end bearing or as close to this as possible. Some motors come prepared with a flat surface. The sensor can be mounted by drilling/threading or with a glue stud or even using a magnet if the surface is magnetic. There is less risk of signal loss for this type of RMS measurement.

Regarding axis, sensors can be mounted vertically or horizontally, as close as possible to the drive end bearing.

One sensor per motor is sufficient for motors rated up to 15 kW. For larger frame designations, we recommend multiple sensors, in a combination of types (v-rms and g-rms).

If only one sensor is installed, it is always good practice to measure both axes and select the one with higher level of vibration for permanent installation. The higher vibration is caused by structural resonance, stiffness, or freedom of movement, and it is important to determine the predominant direction.

View 1: Mount the GPEAK or bearing sensor close to the bearing: radial horizontal and radial vertical positions as shown.

The g-rms or bearing sensor

HS-D22 measures higher frequencies up to 5 kHz which do not transfer in the motor housing obviously. It measures the condition and lubrication of the bearing on which housing it is mounted. Therefore, mounting on the bearing housing is a must. Quality of the mounting is important for signal consistency. Achieve the best connection by drilling.

Electrical connection

For Danfoss drives, connect the sensors to terminal T12 (white) or terminal T13 for 24 V supply and AI53 (black) or AI54 for signal.

How to purchase sensors for use with integrated CBM functionality in Danfoss drives

Danfoss ordering number	Hansford Sensors number	Description
134B8492	HS-D22B10	Transducer 0-10g, 4-20mA
134B8493	HS-D20C0255019	Transducer 0-25mm/s, 4-20mA, RMS, with M8 mounting, conical base
134B8494	HS-D20CRT0255408	Transducer 0-25mm/s, 4-20mA, RMS, with temperature PT100
134B8496	HS-AC334-10	Cable 10m for 8492 and 8943
134B8497	HS-AC010-10	Cable 10m for 8494

Highlighted products

Danfoss products using condition-based monitoring

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VLT® AQUA Drive FC 202

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VLT® AutomationDrive FC 301 / FC 302

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VACON® NXP System Drive

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VACON® NXP Liquid Cooled Enclosed Drive

Drives with active front-end technology in a compact, IP54-rated enclosure ideal for high-power applications. Active Front-end (NXA), Non-regenerative Front-end (NXN), Brake Chopper (NXB) and Inverter (NXI) configurations are available.

VACON® NXP DCGuard

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VACON® NXP Common DC Bus

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VACON® NXP Grid Converter

Air- and liquid-cooled drives specifically designed for energy storage and marine energy management applications.

Danfoss first innovations

CBM has emerged from a history of Danfoss firsts in innovation. Danfoss drives differentiate from others in the market with intelligent functions embedded in the drive, to reduce the external components required.

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