Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency is the quickest and most affordable way to decarbonize our economy and ensure reliable and sustainable energy for everyone on the planet. Around 44% of the CO2 emission reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreement can come from energy efficiency, with another 36% from a switch to renewables (IEA 2017). The bottom line is that without efficiency, the potential of renewables alone for a sustainable energy transition is insufficient. Therefore, it makes a lot of sense to go for energy efficient solutions to tackle the climate change emergency.

This article will take you through what energy efficiency is and highlight its benefits with concrete cases.

The fight against climate change and the subject of energy efficiency are interlinked. In 2015, the Paris Agreement set a binding target of keeping the global average temperature rise in this century as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius. To address this climate emergency and reduce our carbon footprint, we need to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Together, renewable energy and energy efficiency can bring more than 90% of the energy-related CO2 emissions reductions needed to meet the targets agreed in Paris. As part of a climate change strategy, energy efficiency alone can contribute to 44% of total global CO₂ emission reductions by 2040.

By implementing currently available energy efficient appliances and through ambitious and urgent climate action, we could lower energy-related greenhouse gas emissions by 12% before 2040 with 60% more building space and 20% more people.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable and modern energy. Today, 840 million people do not yet have access to electricity. It is key that these ‘new’ energy consumers use it as efficiently as possible to prevent an increase in carbon emissions and ensure a transition to a climate neutral society that is just and socially balanced for all.

Efficient energy use saves money and has low policy and technology risk. Many energy efficiency solutions also have a short payback time. On average, every €1 invested in energy efficiency saves €3 over the lifespan of a technology. Improving energy efficiency reduces our carbon footprint and is a major opportunity for driving the world towards an ambitious, cost-effective and socially fair transition to a climate neutral economy that can bring benefits for economic growth, employment, quality of life, public health, improved air quality, industrial productivity, energy security etc.

Cities offer unique opportunities to create efficient energy systems and use synergies between sectors. That is why, in order to meet their ambitious climate targets, cities need to transform their energy systems. And at the core of this transformation is the integration of different sectors into one smart and efficient energy system. This accelerates the need for innovation in urban efficiency and for developing sustainable low carbon and carbon neutral buildings.

Solutions are already available

The good news is that the technologies required to accelerate the decarbonization and develop low carbon cities already exist. And by fast-tracking the adoption of these innovative and proven solutions in cities, we can accelerate the low-carbon development and stay on course for climate neutrality by 2050.

So far, cities around the world have shown they are leading the way towards a more sustainable future by making ambitious commitments in line with Paris Agreement targets. City networks such as C40 Cities are doing a great job in sharing best practices amongst the most sustainable cities and taking the lead in ambitious climate action.

Smart buildings can play a significant role in smart and integrated energy systems. Currently, supermarkets use around 3% of global electricity, but supermarkets can also be a provider of heat or power. Basically, supermarkets can recycle the heat taken out in their cooling processes, which is currently wasted, and use it to heat their own store or to provide hot tap water for free.

Additionally, connected buildings, such as supermarkets, can offer excess capacity in an increasingly renewable-energy-based system, providing flexibility when the sun is not shining, or the wind is not blowing. Smart energy solutions – district energy and thermal energy storage – that combine cooling and heating are highly energy and resource efficient and an affordable solution to help minimize the “heat island effect”.

District heating and district cooling improves energy efficiency and lowers costs and carbon emissions. According to the Heat Roadmap Europe project, 12% of Europe’s heat demand is currently met by district heating. If appropriate investments were incentivized by the EU, this number could reach 50% by 2050, which would prove the advantages of district heating both economically and environmentally. 12% of the EU 2030 energy efficiency target could be met by increasing the district heating share from 12% to 30%.

Today, transport of freight and humans account for a fifth of global energy demands and a quarter of energy-related CO2 emissions. That means transport is a major contributor to air pollution. 91% of the world’s population is breathing toxic air.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC finds transitions in energy for transport and cities to be important pathways to limiting global warming. So, to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius and reduce health impacts of air pollution we must focus on transport electrification.

More energy efficient vehicles are important steps, as are electric mobility and vehicle electrification. With electrification come great opportunities to enhance the flexibility, efficiency and environmental performance of almost any application or system, at sea or on land, opening for a comprehensive vision for low carbon cities.

Today, there is a 40% gap in the global water supply with 2.1 billion people lacking access to safe drinking water. On top of that, the water sector is responsible for around 4% of global electricity consumption.

According to the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2018, implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 – “Ensure access to water and sanitation for all” – will skyrocket the electricity consumption. This calls for water use efficiency and water distribution efficiency. Global Risk Report. The water sector is currently responsible for around 4% of global electricity consumption but according to the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2018, implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 – “Ensure access to water and sanitation for all” – will significantly the electricity consumption. This calls for water use efficiency and water distribution efficiency.

Reducing water scarcity by implementing pressure management

Utilities often rely on poor water pressure management. By introducing intelligent pressure management, pressure can be reduced by 38% and leakages be minimized. This way water loss is reduced by 40% and energy consumption by 20-40%.

Making water supply and wastewater treatment plants energy neutral

Water and wastewater facilities account for 4% of global electricity consumption while running with major load variations. But it is possible to achieve energy neutrality with a payback time of typically 2-5 years.

By 2050, the world will need 60% more food to feed the global population. Today, greenhouse gas emissions from food loss and food waste contribute to 8 % of global warming . If food wastage were a country, it would be the third largest emitting country in the world. Bringing more food to the table through efficient food cold chains infrastructures allows us to contribute to limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celcius. Improving food transport by establishing cold chains would also help the response to food loss at farms and pack houses and increase farmers´ incomes and food safety.

There are a lot of ways to save energy in our homes. In fact, simple improvements can help reduce energy wastage, cut costs, and make our homes healthier, more comfortable and more productive places to be in. Just by fixing the basics, we can on average achieve 30% energy savings in our buildings – and on our bill – with payback times of just 2 years.

Today, there are still over 500 million manual, uncontrolled valves installed in European buildings. By replacing these manual valves with thermostats radiator valves, households could on average save up to 18% on their energy bills and have an energy efficient home. For European citizens this represents savings of €12 billion annually and a CO2 emissions reduction of about 24 million tons.

In addition, there are nearly 250 million radiators with thermostatic radiator valves older than 20 years that could be upgraded to digital valves which would lead to even higher energy and cost savings. Smart home technology that uses artificial intelligence and sensors, can help us predict our energy consumption – and lower the needed supply to meet the demand.

The smart homes of the future are already here. The Leanheat software solution, for instance, uses artificial intelligence to control and monitor the temperature and humidity of every individual apartment in a residential building, saving 10-20 percent energy.

Energy productivity is the key to decarbonizing our economy, and at Danfoss, we take the lead when it comes to engineering talk into action. Through joining the Climate Group´s EP100, Danfoss is committed to doubling its energy productivity before 2030. To achieve this target, measures have until now been implemented in our 27 largest sites – accounting for 85% of Danfoss’ total energy consumption.

By 2019, an energy productivity improvement of 80% since 2007 has been achieved. Within few years, it is expected to reach 100%, which means that half the energy will generate the same output. This not only saves energy, it also saves costs that stem from energy savings in heating, cooling, ventilation and lightning and investments in a global energy savings project. 

We are not only taking action within our production sites, but also by electrifying our company car fleet by latest 2030. It is essential to invest heavily in electrification that is then of course powered by renewable energy to achieve a world of no more than 1.5⁰ global warming. Therefore, we also joined the Climate Group’s EV100 and RE100 initiative and have become the first global technology company to join all three initiatives and thereby taking the lead among businesses towards a sustainable future.

We strongly believe that the private sector becomes stronger when we join forces with each other and with other actors such as governments and international organizations to deliver ambitious solutions based on technical know-how which not only solves one challenge, but creates value at a local, regional and global scale. So, the more widely available energy efficient, state-of-the-art equipment becomes in the markets we operate in, the better we serve the climate. In other words, delivering solutions to the world's challenges is also good business.

Two such partnerships are our work with Sustainable Energy for All and the UN Environment District Energy in Cities Initiative.The key focus is to meet SDG7´s call for doubling the global energy efficiency improvement rate by enhancing the global adoption of efficient district heating and cooling services and scale-up energy efficiency policy, action, and investment. Of course, we also closely follow, engage on and endorse regulatory developments such as the European Commission EU Green Deal, which will set Europe on course to be the first climate-neutral continent. We know that regulatory action at all level is a keydriver of ambition and are committed to playing our role in ensuring this happens. Today, we have the innovation and technologies required to help meet our climate targets and future-proof our planet. But with strong, proactive partnerships like these across business, government and civil society we can add – much-needed - speed and scale.